Ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuthuthukile buguqula izimpilo zethu nsuku zonke. Ukufika nokukhula kweImoto kagesi (ev)Isibonelo esikhulu sokuthi lokho kuguqulwa kangakanani lezo zinguquko kungakanani impilo yethu yebhizinisi - futhi izimpilo zethu.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezingcindezi zokulawula ezemvelo kwizimoto zangaphakathi zokuhlanganisa (i-ICE) zishayela inzalo eyandayo emakethe ye-EV. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi abasunguliwe bethula amamodeli amasha e-EV, eceleni kokuqala okusha ukungena emakethe. Ngokukhethwa kokwenza kanye namamodeli atholakalayo namuhla, futhi abaningi abengeziwe abazayo, kungenzeka ukuthi sonke sonke singabikwa e-EVS ngokuzayo siseduze kwangaphambilini.
Ubuchwepheshe obunika amandla ama-EVS wanamuhla abafuna izinguquko eziningi endleleni eyenziwe ngayo. Inqubo yokwakha i-EVS idinga ukucatshangelwa okulinganiselwe kokuklama njengama-aesthetics wemoto uqobo. Lokho kufaka umugqa wesiteshi amarobhothi enzelwe ngqo izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EV - kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza eguquguqukayo enamarobhothi eselula angahanjiswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaphuzu ahlukahlukene omugqa njengoba kudingeka.
Kulolu hlelo sizohlola ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze ziklanywe kahle futhi zenze i-EVS namuhla. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi izinqubo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zihluke kanjani kulawo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimoto ezinamandla kagesi.
Design, izingxenye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza
Yize ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EV kwathathwa ngamandla abacwaningi kanye nabakhiqizi ekuqaleni kwamashumi amabili amakhulu amabili, inzalo yathunyelwa ngenxa yezindleko ezishibhile, izimoto ezikhiqizwe ngamandla kaphethiloli. Ucwaningo lususwe kusuka ngo-1920 kuze kube ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 lapho kufika khona ama-1960 ezemvelo zokungcola kanye nokwesaba ukuqeda izinsiza zemvelo kudale isidingo sendlela yokuhamba yemvelo yokuhamba.
Ukushaja kwe-EVukusongoza icebo
I-EVS yanamuhla ihluke kakhulu e-ICE (Injini Yangaphakathi Yokuhlanganisa) Izimoto ezinamandla kaphethiloli. Uhlobo olusha lwe-EVS luzuze ochungechungeni lwemizamo ehlulekile ukwakha nokwakha izimoto zikagesi kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko zokukhiqiza ezisetshenziswa abakhiqizi amashumi eminyaka.
Kunomehluko omkhulu endleleni ekhiqizwa ngayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ze-Ice. Ukugxila okusetshenziselwa ukuvikela injini, kepha lokhu kugxilwe manje sekuguqukile ukuvikela amabhethri e-EV. Abaqambi bezimoto nonjiniyela baphinde bacabange ngokuphelele ukwakhiwa kwe-EVS, kanye nokwakha ukukhiqizwa okusha nezindlela zomhlangano zokuyakha. Manje sebeklama i-EV kusuka emhlabathini phezulu nokucatshangelwa okusindayo kwe-aerodynamics, isisindo kanye nokunye ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
An Ibhethri lemoto kagesi (evb)Ingabe ukuqondiswa okujwayelekile kwamabhethri asetshenziselwa amandla kagesi asetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo ze-EVS. Ezimweni eziningi, lawa amabhethri atholakala kabusha e-lithium-ion aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile umthamo wehora eliphakeme (noma ama-kilowatthour). Amabhethri aqashelwa kabusha wobuchwepheshe be-lithiumion yizindlu zeplastiki eziqukethe ama-anode wensimbi kanye nama-cathode. Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion asebenzisa i-polymer eledlyte esikhundleni se-electrolyte ye-liquid. Ama-polymers aphezulu aphezulu we-semisolid (GEL) athola le electrolyte.
I-lithium-ionAmabhethri e-eVamabhethri ajulile aklanyelwe aklanyelwe ukunika amandla izikhathi ezisetshenzisiwe. Kuncane futhi kube lula, amabhethri e-lithium-ion afiseleka ngoba anciphisa isisindo semoto ngakho-ke athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo.
Lawa mabhethri anikeza amandla aphezulu aphezulu kunezinye izinhlobo zebhethri ze-lithium. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isisindo siyisici esibucayi, njengamadivayisi eselula, indiza elawulwa ngumsakazo futhi, manje, evs. Ibhethri elijwayelekile le-lithium-ion lingagcina amahora angama-150 we-watt-kagesi ebhethri elinesisindo esilingana cishe nekhilogremu eyi-1.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kuthuthukiswa kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium-Ion kuqhutshwa izimfuno ezivela ku-elekthronikhi ephathekayo, amakhompyutha e-laptop, amathuluzi akwamandla nokuningi. Umkhakha we-EV uvumele izinzuzo zalezi zinhlaka zombili ekusebenzeni nasemandleni density. Ngokungafani namanye amaKhemba ebhethri, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angakhishwa futhi akhishwe kabusha nsuku zonke futhi kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushaja.
Kunobuchwepheshe obusekela ukudalwa kwezinye izinhlobo zesisindo esilula, ezinokwethenjelwa, amabhethri asebenzayo - futhi ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokunciphisa inani lamabhethri adingekayo ezinhlamvu ezidingekayo zanamuhla e-EVS yanamuhla. Amabhethri agcina amandla namandla kagesi motors avele abe ubuchwepheshe bawo futhi ashintsha cishe nsuku zonke.
Uhlelo lokuphonsa
I-EVS inama-motors kagesi, okubizwa nangokuthi i-traction noma uhlelo lwe-propulsion - futhi ube nezinsimbi nezinsimbi ezingalokothi zidinga ukuthambisa. Uhlelo luguqula amandla kagesi kusuka ebhethri futhi ulidlulisele kwisitimela seDrayivu.
I-EVS ingenziwa ngamasondo amabili noma amasondo wonke amasondo, isebenzisa noma izinyathelo ezimbili zikagesi noma ezine ngokulandelana. Kokubili okuqondile kwamanje (i-DC) kanye nokushintshana kwamanje I-AC Motors njengamanje ithandwa kakhulu, ngoba ayisebenzisi amabhulashi futhi idinga ukulungiswa okuncane.
Isilawuli se-EV
I-EV Motors ibuye ifake isilawuli se-elekthronikhi esisezingeni eliphakeme. Lo mlawuli ubeka iphakethe le-elekthronikhi elisebenza phakathi kwamabhethri kanye nemoto kagesi ukulawula isivinini semoto nokusheshisa, okufana ne-carbetor eyenza emotweni enamandla kaphethiloli. Lezi zinhlelo zekhompyutha ezikwibhodi azigcini nje ngokuqalisa imoto, kepha futhi zisebenza iminyango, iWindows, Isimo Somoya, uhlelo lokuhlola amathayi, uhlelo lokuzijabulisa, nezinye izici eziningi ezivamile kuzo zonke izimoto.
Amabhuleki e-EV
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-brake lungasetshenziswa ku-EVS, kepha izinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha zithandwa ezimotweni zikagesi. I-braking yokuvuselela inqubo yinqubo lapho imoto isetshenziswa khona njengejene yokufaka kabusha amabhethri lapho imoto ishoda. Lezi zinhlelo zokubopha ziphindaphindwe amanye amandla alahlekile ngesikhathi sokubopha futhi athumele emuva ohlelweni lwebhethri.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha, amanye amandla e-kinetic ajwayele ukufakwa amabhuleki futhi aphenduke ukushisa aguqulwa ngogesi yi-antiraller - futhi asetshenziselwa ukukhokhisa amabhethri. Ukubhidlizwa kabusha kabusha akukhulisi nje kuphela uhla lwemoto kagesi ngo-5 kuye ku-10 kuye ku-10%, kepha futhi kufakazelwe ukwehlisa ukugqokwa nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.
Amashaja we-EV
Izinhlobo ezimbili zamashaja ziyadingeka. Ishaja ephelele yosayizi wokufakwa egalaji iyadingeka ukuze uvuselele i-EVS ubusuku bonke, kanye neRecharger ephathekayo. Amashaja aphathekayo asheshe abe yimishini ejwayelekile evela kubakhiqizi abaningi. Lawa ma-charger agcinwa esiqwini ukuze amabhethri e-EVS angethelwa ngokwengxenye noma asetshenziswe kabusha ngesikhathi sohambo olude noma esiphuthumayo njengokuphuma kwamandla. Kumagazini wesikhathi esizayo sizophinde sichaze izinhlobo zeIziteshi zokushaja ze-EVnjengezinga 1, level 2 ne-wireless.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-20-2024